ENTRY B0077 20170606 B026B007700000001 SUBENT B0077001 20170606 B026B007700100001 BIB 7 16 B007700100002 TITLE C12(p,pn)C11 cross section from threshold to 340 MeV B007700100003 AUTHOR (R.L.Aamodt, V.Peterson, R.Phillips) B007700100004 INSTITUTE (1USABRK) B007700100005 REFERENCE (J,PR,88,739,1952) B007700100006 Ep=340 and 32 MeV absolute cross sections B007700100007 (J,PR,74,1732,1948) B007700100008 Ep=32 MeV relative cross sections B007700100009 (J,PR,78,87(D6),1950) Preliminary Values B007700100010 (R,UCRL-526,1949) Preliminary Values B007700100011 (R,UCRL-1400,1951) Preliminary Values B007700100012 FACILITY (CYCLO,1USABRK) 184-in cyclotron for Ep=340 MeV B007700100013 (LINAC,1USABRK) Berkeley 32 MeV proton linac B007700100014 DETECTOR (GEMUC) B007700100015 HISTORY (19780804C) LAPF B007700100016 (19940704A) Some corrections by CAJAD B007700100017 (20170606U) On. FACILITY added. REFERENCE revised. B007700100018 ENDBIB 16 0 B007700100019 NOCOMMON 0 0 B007700100020 ENDSUBENT 19 0 B007700199999 SUBENT B0077002 20011220 0000B007700200001 BIB 10 55 B007700200002 REACTION (6-C-12(P,X)6-C-11,IND,SIG,,A,EXP) B007700200003 The Values are not Corrected For the Natural Abundance B007700200004 Of C-12 and have to be Multiplied by a Factor of B007700200005 100/98.89. B007700200006 The Threshold Observed Provides Definite Evidence B007700200007 For the Existence of the (P,D)-Reaction in this Region.B007700200008 The Shape of the Excitation Function Shows Some B007700200009 Irregularities Which are Experimentally Significant. B007700200010 RAD-DET (6-C-11,B+) B007700200011 DECAY-DATA (6-C-11,20.5MIN,B+,970.) B007700200012 FACILITY (LINAC,1USABRK) B007700200013 METHOD (EXTB,STTA,BCINT,EDEG) B007700200014 The Incident Proton Energy was 32 MeV. B007700200015 The Range-Energy Relation in Polystyrene was Computed B007700200016 By the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. B007700200017 The Correctness was Checked Experimentally by B007700200018 Substitution of the Polystyrene by Al-Absorbers Giving B007700200019 A Consistent Set of Data. B007700200020 SAMPLE Stacks of 0.254 mm Polystyrene Foils with 25 Mg/Cm**2 B007700200021 Were Used from 32 to 21 MeV, and 0.127 and 0.063 mm B007700200022 From 21 to 16 MeV. All Foils were Weighed and B007700200023 Calibrated For Uniformity. B007700200024 CORRECTION C-11 Produced by Secondary Neutrons Via the (N,2N) B007700200025 Reaction is Negligible As Experimentally Found. B007700200026 Due to the Small Beam Diameter (1/4 INCH) Relative to B007700200027 Foil Diameter (1 INCH) No Scattering Loss is Expected. B007700200028 No Nuclear Absorption Correction has Been Applied B007700200029 Because of the Comparatively Small Thickness of B007700200030 Absorbers. B007700200031 ERR-ANALYS (DATA-ERR) The Error Given For the Absolute Cross B007700200032 Section at 32 MeV Includes Uncertainties Due to Beam B007700200033 Integration and Counting Statistics, But not the B007700200034 Probable Error in Beta-Standard Calibration (7.5%). B007700200035 The Energy of the Primary Beam was 32.0+-0.1 MeV, the B007700200036 Accuracy at 19 MeV is Estimated to be +-0.15 MeV. B007700200037 FLAG (1.) Values Measured Only Relatively by Panofsky and B007700200038 Phillips and Normalized by Aamodt Using the Improved B007700200039 Absolute Measurement at 32 MeV. The Data of Panofsky B007700200040 And Those of Aamodt Overlap For About 2.5 MeV in a B007700200041 Region, Where a Bend Permits Accurate Activity B007700200042 And Energy Normalization. The Fitting B007700200043 Of the Two Curves Does not Permit a Shift of B007700200044 More Than +-0.15 MeV, Which Introduces an Uncertainty B007700200045 Of Only 2 Mb at the Full Energy. B007700200046 (2.) Values Measured Relatively by Aamodt and B007700200047 Normalized to the Absolute Cross Section at 32 MeV. B007700200048 (3.)Absolute Value, Used For Normalization. 34 SeparateB007700200049 Runs were Made For this Purpose at 32 MeV Full Beam B007700200050 Energy. Three Different Target-Faraday Cup ArrangementsB007700200051 Were Used to Investigate and Eliminate the Error Due toB007700200052 Secondary Electron Emission (ESTIMATED SYSTEMATIC ERRORB007700200053 OF 3%). B007700200054 STATUS (CURVE).Fig.2 of the Publication B007700200055 Except the Cross Section at 32 MeV Which was Given B007700200056 Numerically. B007700200057 ENDBIB 55 0 B007700200058 NOCOMMON 0 0 B007700200059 DATA 4 42 B007700200060 EN DATA FLAG DATA-ERR B007700200061 MEV MB NO-DIM MB B007700200062 15.9 0.1 1. B007700200063 16.7 0.2 1. B007700200064 17.6 0.2 1. B007700200065 18. 0.7 1. B007700200066 18.2 0.9 1. B007700200067 18.4 1. 1. B007700200068 18.6 2.2 1. B007700200069 18.8 3.4 1. B007700200070 18.9 6.1 1. B007700200071 19.1 10.1 1. B007700200072 19.3 14. 1. B007700200073 19.5 18. 1. B007700200074 19.7 20.3 1. B007700200075 19.9 25.4 1. B007700200076 20.2 29.9 1. B007700200077 20.5 32.6 1. B007700200078 21.1 34.8 1. B007700200079 21.7 38.1 1. B007700200080 22.4 45.8 1. B007700200081 23. 47.2 1. B007700200082 23.6 50.6 1. B007700200083 24.3 53.5 1. B007700200084 24.4 56. 2. B007700200085 24.8 57.4 1. B007700200086 25. 57.8 2. B007700200087 25.5 63.8 1. B007700200088 25.6 64.9 2. B007700200089 26. 69.4 2. B007700200090 26.1 70.6 1. B007700200091 26.6 75.8 2. B007700200092 26.7 76.1 1. B007700200093 27.3 76.8 2. B007700200094 27.8 76.8 2. B007700200095 28.3 77.3 2. B007700200096 29. 79. 2. B007700200097 29.3 83.3 2. B007700200098 29.8 83.8 2. B007700200099 30.2 85. 2. B007700200100 30.8 85.8 2. B007700200101 31.3 86.3 2. B007700200102 31.8 88.3 2. B007700200103 32. 89. 3. 4. B007700200104 ENDDATA 44 0 B007700200105 ENDSUBENT 104 0 B007700299999 SUBENT B0077003 20011220 0000B007700300001 BIB 10 44 B007700300002 REACTION (6-C-12(P,X)6-C-11,IND,SIG,,A,EXP) B007700300003 The Values are not Corrected For the Natural Abundance B007700300004 Of C-12 and have to be Multiplied by a Factor of B007700300005 100/98.89. B007700300006 RAD-DET (6-C-11,B+) B007700300007 DECAY-DATA (6-C-11,20.5MIN,B+,970.) B007700300008 FACILITY (CYCLO,1USABRK) B007700300009 METHOD (EXTB,SITA,BCINT,EDEG) B007700300010 No Information on the Range-Energy Relation B007700300011 Used is Given. B007700300012 The Energy of Incident 340 MeV Protons was Reduced by B007700300013 Interposing Cu-Absorbers Just Before the Target Foils. B007700300014 The Statistical Straggling in Range of Protons B007700300015 Initially Nearly Monochromatic Produces an Energy B007700300016 Spread Which is About 5% at 100 MeV. Therefore B007700300017 Absolute Measurements with the High Energy Proton Beam B007700300018 Were not Extended Below 93 MeV. B007700300019 SAMPLE Polystyrene Foils, Thickness 0.127 mm B007700300020 CORRECTION About 2% of the C-11 Activity May be Produced B007700300021 By Secondary Neutrons Via the (N,2N) Reaction As B007700300022 Measured by Foils Placed Beyond the End of the Proton B007700300023 Range. B007700300024 ERR-ANALYS (DATA-ERR) The Probable Errors of the Mean Value Given B007700300025 Are Due Mainly to Counting Statistics and do not B007700300026 Include the Absolute Error of 7.5% Involved in B007700300027 Beta-Source Calibration. B007700300028 The Uncertainty of the Beam Current Measurement was B007700300029 Estimated to be Within 2%. Part of the Cross Sections B007700300030 Given are Mean Values Obtained from Several Runs (UP TOB007700300031 12). B007700300032 REL-REF (C,B0101002,W.E.CRANDALL+,J,PR,101,329,1956) B007700300033 Crandall Showed Experimentally That the Arrangement of B007700300034 The Absorber Foils Directly in Front of the Target FoilB007700300035 Resulted in Secondary Protons and Neutrons Which B007700300036 Increased the Cross Sections Measured by Aamodt. B007700300037 Using an Arrangement of the Absorbers Far Off from the B007700300038 Target in Front of the Beam Collimator and an B007700300039 Additional Steering Magnet For Energy Selection B007700300040 Crandall Found the Absolute Values 13 Per Cent Lower B007700300041 Than Aamodt. From this It Becomes Clear That the Cross B007700300042 Section at the Non-Degraded Energy of 340 MeV B007700300043 Measured by Aamodt is Smaller When Compared to Values B007700300044 At Degraded Beam Energies. B007700300045 STATUS Numerical Values from Table 1 of the Publication B007700300046 ENDBIB 44 0 B007700300047 NOCOMMON 0 0 B007700300048 DATA 3 8 B007700300049 EN DATA DATA-ERR B007700300050 MEV MB MB B007700300051 93. 70.5 3.6 B007700300052 144. 56.5 1.5 B007700300053 194. 52. 1.5 B007700300054 245. 49.8 1.2 B007700300055 263. 50.5 2.6 B007700300056 293. 47.7 1. B007700300057 313. 47.6 2.1 B007700300058 340. 41.2 0.6 B007700300059 ENDDATA 10 0 B007700300060 ENDSUBENT 59 0 B007700399999 ENDENTRY 3 0 B007799999999